See serfdom on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"serf",
"serf#English"
],
[
"-dom",
"-dom#English:_state"
]
],
"etymology_text": "From serf + -dom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "serfdoms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "serfdom (usually uncountable, plural serfdoms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "servitude"
}
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],
"glosses": [
"The state of being a serf."
],
"id": "en-serfdom-en-noun-C8ntGn8R",
"links": [
[
"serf",
"serf"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servitud"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nóngnú shēnfen",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "農奴身份 /农奴身份"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livegenskab"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lijfeigenschap"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "pärisorjus"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "maaorjuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servage"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Leibeigenschaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eigenbehörigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "jobbágyság"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirfeachas"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"familiar",
"feminine"
],
"word": "daoirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servitù"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baudžiava"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "rōpātanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pańszczyzna"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidão"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostníčestvo",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "крепостни́чество"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rábstvo",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ра́бство"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "nevólja",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нево́ля"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "livegenskap"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "träldom"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripactvo",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кріпацтво"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripaččyna",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кріпаччина"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "taeogaeth"
}
]
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
118,
125
]
],
"ref": "1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume II: The Golden Age, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozwój (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 204:",
"text": "Krzywicki's studies of primitive societies led him to conclude that there was no universal law and that, for example, serfdom was not a necessary stage in all cases.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The feudal system that includes serfs."
],
"id": "en-serfdom-en-noun-KeU4lRR3",
"links": [
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"serf",
"serf"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "krepostničestvo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "крепостничество"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nóngnúzhì",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "農奴制 /农奴制"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nevolnictví"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livegenskab"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horigheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "modareči",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "модаречи"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "pärisorjus"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "maaorjuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servage"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Leibeigenschaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eigenbehörigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "jobbágyság"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirfeachas"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"familiar",
"feminine"
],
"word": "daoirse"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servitù della gleba"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"alt": "のうどせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "nōdosei",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "農奴制"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "livegenskap"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "poddaństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidão"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostnóje právo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "крепостно́е пра́во"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "кмѐтство"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kmètstvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "livegenskap"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kriposne pravo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кріпосне право"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripactvo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кріпацтво"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 84",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripaččyna",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кріпаччина"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːfdəm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɚfdəm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)fdəm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "serfage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "serfhood"
}
],
"word": "serfdom"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)fdəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)fdəm/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:History of Russia",
"en:Slavery"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"serf",
"serf#English"
],
[
"-dom",
"-dom#English:_state"
]
],
"etymology_text": "From serf + -dom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "serfdoms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "serfdom (usually uncountable, plural serfdoms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "servitude"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being a serf."
],
"links": [
[
"serf",
"serf"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
118,
125
]
],
"ref": "1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume II: The Golden Age, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: rozwój (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 204:",
"text": "Krzywicki's studies of primitive societies led him to conclude that there was no universal law and that, for example, serfdom was not a necessary stage in all cases.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The feudal system that includes serfs."
],
"links": [
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"serf",
"serf"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɜːfdəm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɚfdəm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-serfdom.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)fdəm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "serfage"
},
{
"word": "serfhood"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servitud"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nóngnú shēnfen",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "農奴身份 /农奴身份"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livegenskab"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lijfeigenschap"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "pärisorjus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "maaorjuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Leibeigenschaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eigenbehörigkeit"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "jobbágyság"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirfeachas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"familiar",
"feminine"
],
"word": "daoirse"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servitù"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baudžiava"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"word": "rōpātanga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pańszczyzna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidão"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostníčestvo",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "крепостни́чество"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rábstvo",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ра́бство"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "nevólja",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нево́ля"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "livegenskap"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "träldom"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripactvo",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кріпацтво"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripaččyna",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кріпаччина"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "state of being a serf",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "taeogaeth"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "krepostničestvo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "крепостничество"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "nóngnúzhì",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "農奴制 /农奴制"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nevolnictví"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "livegenskab"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "horigheid"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"roman": "modareči",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "модаречи"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "pärisorjus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "maaorjuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Leibeigenschaft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eigenbehörigkeit"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "jobbágyság"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirfeachas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"familiar",
"feminine"
],
"word": "daoirse"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servitù della gleba"
},
{
"alt": "のうどせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "nōdosei",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "農奴制"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "feudal system",
"word": "livegenskap"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "poddaństwo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidão"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostnóje právo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "крепостно́е пра́во"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "кмѐтство"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"neuter"
],
"word": "kmètstvo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "servidumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "livegenskap"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kriposne pravo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кріпосне право"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripactvo",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кріпацтво"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kripaččyna",
"sense": "feudal system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кріпаччина"
}
],
"word": "serfdom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for serfdom meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.